Title Here in White font

Title

The Groundwater Project

Authors

Author

title

affiliation

city, province/state, nation

Author

title

affiliation

city, province/state, nation

Author

title

affiliation

city, province/state, nation

Title

The Groundwater Project2

Guelph, Ontario, Canada2

The Groundwater Project relies on private funding for book production and management of the Project.

Please consider sponsoring the Groundwater Project so that our books will continue to be freely available. https://gw-project.org/donate/

Thank you.

Please Consider Donating

All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the authors (to request permission contact: permissions@gwproject.org). Commercial distribution and reproduction are strictly prohibited.

Copyright

GroundwaterProject (GWProject) works are copyrighted and can be downloaded for free from gwproject.org. Anyone may use and share gwproject.org links to download GWProject’s work. It is neither permissible to make GWProject documents available on other websites nor to send copies of the documents directly to others. Kindly honor this source of free knowledge that benefits you and all those who want to learn about groundwater.

Copyright © 2025 Author(s) (The Author/s)

Published by the Groundwater Project, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2025.

Title / Author(s) Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 2025.

XX pages

ISBN: 978-1-XXXXXXXXX

DOI: https://doi-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

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APA (7th ed.) Citation

Surname, Initial., Surname, Initial.,.…& Surname, Initial. (20XX). Book Title Linked to GWP-Web Page. The Groundwater Project. https://doi.orgxxxxxxxxxxx.

Domain Editors: Eileen Poeter and John Cherry.

Board: John Cherry, Shafick Adams, Gabriel Eckstein, Richard Jackson, Ineke Kalwij, Renée MartinNagle, Everton de Oliveira, Marco Petitta, and Eileen Poeter.

Cover Image: description, credits for first last name, 20XX

Dedication

Please provide a dedication if desired. This is optional.

Table of Contents

Title Here in White font	i

Authors	ii

Please Consider Donating	iii

Copyright	iv

Dedication	v

Table of Contents	vi

The Groundwater Project Foreword	viii

Foreword	ix

Preface	x

Acknowledgments	xi

1	First Section “Introduction” or Similar Title	1

1.1	Selecting Styles	1

2	Section Headings (Style: GWP_Heading_1)	2

2.1	Next Sub-Section with a Very Long Title that Wraps to a Second Line (Style: GWP_Heading_2)	2

2.1.1	LowerLevel Heading with a Very Long Title that Wraps to a Second Line Even with Smaller Font (Style: GWP_Heading_3)	2

2.2	Next Sub-Section (Style: GWP_Heading_2)	2

2.2.1	LowerLevel Heading (Style: GWP_Heading_3)	2

LowerLevel Heading (Style: GWP_Heading_4)	2

Lower-Level Heading (Style: GWP_Heading_5)	2

2.3	Hidden Formatting Symbols	3

2.3.1	Installing Fonts	3

2.4	Figures	3

2.5	Tables	4

2.6	Equations	6

2.7	Subscript and Superscript Characters	7

2.8	Small and Long Quotes	8

2.9	Numbered and Bulleted Lists	8

2.9.1	Bullet List Example	8

2.9.2	Numbered List Example	8

2.10	Internal and External Links	9

3	Conclusion/Wrap-up section	10

4	Exercises	11

Exercise 1	11

Exercise 2	11

Exercise …	11

5	References	12

6	Boxes	13

Box 1 All boxes must be named – Include your box title here	13

Box 2 Information on Separate Topic 2	13

7	Exercise Solutions	14

Solution Exercise 1	14

Solution Exercise 2	14

Solution Exercise …	14

8	Notations	15

9	About the Authors	16

The Groundwater Project Foreword

The United Nations (UN)Water Summit on Groundwater, held from 7 to 8 December 2022, at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris, France, concluded with a call for governments and other stakeholders to scale up their efforts to better manage groundwater. The intent of the call to action was to inform relevant discussions at the UN 2023 Water Conference held from 22 to 24 March 2023 at the UN headquarters in New York City. One of the required actions is strengthening human and institutional capacity, for which groundwater education is fundamental.

The UNWater website states that more than three billion people worldwide depend on water that crosses national borders. There are 592 transboundary aquifers, yet most do not have an intergovernmental cooperation agreement in place for sharing and managing the aquifer. Moreover, while groundwater plays a key role in global stability and prosperity, it also makes up 99 percent of all liquid freshwater—accordingly, groundwater is at the heart of the freshwater crisis. Groundwater is an invaluable resource.

The Groundwater Project (GWProject), a registered Canadian charity founded in 2018, pioneers in advancing understanding of groundwater and, thus, enables building the human capacity for the development and management of groundwater. The GW-Project is not government funded and relies on donations from individuals, organizations, and companies. The GWProject creates and publishes highquality books about allthingsgroundwater that are scientifically significant and/or relevant to societal and ecological needs. Our books synthesize knowledge, are rigorously peer reviewed and translated into many languages. Groundwater is ‘hidden’ and, therefore, our books have a strong emphasis on visualizations essential to support the spatial thinking and conceptualization in space and time of processes, problems, and solutions. Based on our philosophy that high quality groundwater knowledge should be accessible to everyone, The GW-Project provides all publications for free.

The GW-Project embodies a new type of global educational endeavor made possible by the contributions of a dedicated international group of over 1000 volunteer professionals from a broad range of disciplines, and from 70 countries on six continents. Academics, practitioners, and retirees contribute by writing and/or reviewing books aimed at diverse levels of readers including children, youth, undergraduate and graduate students, groundwater professionals, and the general public.

The GWProject started publishing books in August 2020; by the end of 2024, we have published 55 original books and 77 translations (55 languages). Revised editions of the books are published from time to time. In 2024, interactive groundwater education tools and groundwater videos were added to our website, gwproject.org.

We thank our individual and corporate sponsors for their ongoing financial support. Please consider sponsoring the GWProject so we can continue to publish books free of charge.

The Groundwater Project Board of Directors, January 2025

Foreword

This will be written by John Cherry when the book is near completion.

John Cherry, The Groundwater Project Leader

Guelph, Ontario, Canada, Month Year

Preface

In general, a preface can be described as a short story that tells how a book came about and the author’s motive for writing the book. The preface allows the author to introduce themselves to the reader and to spark curiosity in the reader regarding the book’s content. It should explain why the reader would want to hear what the author has to say, and how the author is an expert, or credible source, in the subject. This section of the book is intended to provide a brief backstory as to why and how the book was written. For example, it might include a description of the purpose, inspiration, writing process, creation, and importance of the book. A preface addresses the “who, when, and where” of the book’s development.

The preface should end with a discussion of the Learning objectives for the book and lay out the following key points:

What will they now know and understand?

What will they be able to do?

What will be their attitude toward and feelings about groundwater science?

Here are some examples of learning objectives labeled according to the three types outlined above. After completing your book, the reader will

Example 1. Know and understand: The reader can explain the hydrologic cycle.

Example 2. Able to do: The reader will learn the steps required to conduct a groundwater quality risk assessment.

Example 3. Attitude and feelings: The reader will explore more information about groundwater and is motivated to read other books published by the GWP.

Acknowledgments

We/I deeply appreciate the thorough and useful reviews of and contributions to this book by the following individuals:

Reviewer who was most influential and their affiliation and location i.e. city, state, country;

Reviewer who was the next most influential and their affiliation and location i.e. city, state, country;

And so on for all reviewers.

We/I appreciate the contributions of XX and YY (these would be editors who had a significant influence on the book if any). We are/I am grateful for Amanda Sills and the Formatting Team of the Groundwater Project for their oversight and copyediting of this book. We/I thank Eileen Poeter (Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA) for reviewing, editing, and producing this book.

[If there are figures or tables unique to this book, i.e., that have not been sourced from elsewhere, please insert the following paragraph.] The sources of figures and/or tables are cited in their captions. Where a citation does not appear, the figures and/or tables are original to this book.

Names in the above paragraph should be changed as appropriate for this book. Other roles can be added as appropriate.

First Section “Introduction” or Similar Title

Text goes here for normal paragraphs within your document. They indent and are fully justified. This is the format of most of your book. You may find it convenient to delete the text herein and write your book material in this template and save it with the name of your book.

The sections below include key formatting information, which is also available in the formatting guide on both the author and the formatter GW-P web pages. Each GWP book is released as both a PDF and a web book. When released as a web book, people searching the web for information may select a link that leads to any individual chunk of the book. The page shows that it is a part of a larger book; links allow readers to move back or forward in the book and jump to another section of the book.

Given this standalone nature of each web book page, we create descriptive section headings that tell the reader what to expect in the chunk of text concisely and accurately.

Selecting Styles

In the sections that follow, you will be instructed to select certain styles from the GWP Styles that are embedded within this template file. These styles can be viewed by visiting the Home tab > Styles tab. To apply a style, select your text and then select the appropriate style in the menu which can be expanded using the arrows (Figure 1).

Figure 1 – Options for finding the styles you need.

The Groundwater Project has designed styles for each of the sections in your book so that they can be easily applied. For instance:

Headings in the front matter are formatted by choosing GWP_FrontHead.

For Boxes, select GWP_BoxHead.

For Exercises and Solutions, select GWP_Exercise_Solution.

For the References section, select GWP_References.

For Table Captions, select GWP_Table_Caption_Center

Section Headings (Style: GWP_Heading_1)

Text goes here for normal paragraphs within your document. They indent and are fully justified. This is the format of most of your book. Section titles must be written using first letters with upper case, except for words such as “and, of, the, with, and the like”.

GWP books prefer to use only three level of headings; however, five levels may be used in longer, more complex books. Level 4 and 5 headings do not have numbers but are distinguished by their style (e.g., italics, font size). They do not appear in the Table of Contents. As too many subsections interfere with the flow of the text, fourth and fifth levelheadings are not encouraged except to serve a specific and necessary function.

The GW-P standard is to place appendices into boxes and have all boxes in one section at the end of the book. Our books are electronic and so readers can easily navigate between sections with hyperlinks placed between sections. For instance the author can say to learn more please visit Box 1.

Next Sub-Section with a Very Long Title that Wraps to a Second Line (Style: GWP_Heading_2)

Text goes here for normal paragraphs within your document. They indent and are fully justified. This is the format of most of your book.

LowerLevel Heading with a Very Long Title that Wraps to a Second Line Even with Smaller Font (Style: GWP_Heading_3)

Text goes here for normal paragraphs within your document. They indent and are fully justified. This is the format of most of your book. Perhaps this offers an opportunity to learn more in Box 2.

Next Sub-Section (Style: GWP_Heading_2)

Text goes here for normal paragraphs within your document. They indent and are fully justified. This is the format of most of your book.

LowerLevel Heading (Style: GWP_Heading_3)

Text goes here for normal paragraphs within your document. They indent and are fully justified. This is the format of most of your book.

LowerLevel Heading (Style: GWP_Heading_4)

Text goes here for normal paragraphs within your document. They indent and are fully justified. This is the format of most of your book.

Lower-Level Heading (Style: GWP_Heading_5)

Text goes here for normal paragraphs within your document. They indent and are fully justified. This is the format of most of your book.

Hidden Formatting Symbols

Using the icon below (a pilcrow: ¶) is useful because it toggles between showing and hiding formatting symbols. It is located on MS Word ribbon > Home tab. If you toggle between activating it and deactivating it, you will be able to see that it shows where you have unnecessary regular spaces in the text ( · ), nonbreaking spaces ( ° ), and nonbreaking hyphens ( instead of -).

Installing Fonts

Install GW-P standard fonts provided on formatter.gw-project.org: Benguiat BQ, Palatino, Helvetica, Cambria.

Figures

Figures are used in GWP books to include diagrams, photos, and graphs. The GWP formatting guide contains information for formatting GWP style and is available on both the author and the formatter GWP web pages. We ask that all figures be referenced in the text i.e. (Figure 2) directly prior to the figure in your book.

The Groundwater Project aims to have many figures with the ideal being one figure per page. Given the various needs of learners we strive to allow readers to understand the book by either reading the text or reviewing just the figures and descriptive captions. The Groundwater Project can help with figure creation. Please contact us for assistance.

Figure 2 illustrates the format to be used for a figure. Use the GWP_Figure_Image style found on the Style Pane or in the Style Gallery for the image and GWP_Figure_Caption for the image caption. Short captions are centered; longer ones are left justified and do not extend beyond the margins of the figure.

Figure 2 Example of a figure with a centered caption.

Tables

Figure 4 and Tables 1 and 2 illustrate the format used for tables in GWP book. Use GWP_Table_Caption, GWP_Table_Contents, and GWP_Table_Footnotes as needed. All those styles are found on Style Pane or Styles Gallery in the Home pane. Format your table by clicking on the MS Word ribbon > Table Tools > Design > Table Styles > GWP_Table as shown (Figure 4). Note that column lines are not used: just row lines (Tables 1 and 2).

Notice that the text in the columns in Tables 1 and 2 is left justified and column headers are bolded. Leave a blank line between the bottom of the table and where the resumes.

Figure 4 GWP_Table preset to be applied.

Table 1 Example of a table with a short title, so GWP_Table_Caption_Center is used.

Title 11	Title 22	Title 33
Insert the text into the table	Insert the text into the table	Insert the text into the table
Insert the text into the table	Insert the text into the table	Insert the text into the table
Insert the text into the table	Insert the text into the table	Insert the text into the table.

1 Just in case you need a table footnote.

2 Just in case you need a table footnote.

3 Just in case you need a table footnote.

To insert a footnote to a table as shown in Table 1, highlight the text and select GWP_Table_Footnote from the Styles menu.

Table 2 Example of a table with a long title that requires more than one line of text; consequently, the style titled GWP_Table_Caption is used.

Title 1	Title 2	Title 3
Insert the text into the table	Insert the text into the table	Insert the text into the table
Insert the text into the table	Insert the text into the table	Insert the text into the table
Insert the text into the table	Insert the text into the table	Insert the text into the table.

Table 3 Example of a narrow table that needs to be centered on the page. The long title requires the standard GWP_Table_Caption, but the margins need to be adjusted to be the same width as the table.

Title 1	Title 2	Title 3
Insert a very long text into the table as this example with multiples lines as needed.	a2 + b2 = c2	Insert bullets or numbered bullets as needed into each cell: this is bullet 1; this is bullet 2; and this is bullet 3.
Insert a very long text into the table as this example with multiples lines as needed.	a2 + b2 = c2	Insert bullets or numbered bullets as needed into each cell: this is number 1; this is number 2; and this is number 3.
Insert a very long text into the table as this example	a2 + b2 = c2	Insert the text into the table.

If a long table does not fit on one page, first consider whether some minor adjustments to the layout of the contents in the table would allow the table to fit on one page. If not, the authors do not need to worry about formatting the tables, the formatting team will work on them and give the long tables the proper style, as demonstrated in Table 4.

For a table that spills over onto the next page, click on the header row. Layout will appear (in blue ink) on the main ribbon towards the right side of the ribbon. Select Repeat Header Rows (Figure 5) and your table will automatically have the headers inserted on subsequent pages.

Figure 5 – Locating the Repeat Header Rows function for a long table on more than one page.

Table 4 Example of a table that is longer than one page. A “continued” version of the caption needs to be included and the table header needs to be repeated.

Title 1	Title 2	Title 3
Insert a long line of text into the table as in this example with multiple lines as needed.	a2 + b2 = c2	Insert bullets or numbered bullets as needed into each cell: this is bullet 1; this is bullet 2; and this is bullet 3.
Insert a long line of text into the table as in this example with multiple lines as needed	a2 + b2 = c2	Insert bullets or numbered bullets as needed into each cell: this is number 1; this is number 2; and this is number 3.
Insert a long line of text into the table as in this example with multiple lines as needed	a2 + b2 = c2	Insert the text into the table.
Many more rows	More equations	More text
Many more rows	More equations	More text

GWProject book tables do not have any vertical borders. Horizontal borders should be thin lines, and if the table has only a small amount of information the horizontal lines should be omitted so it will be more appealing to the eye as shown in Table 6.

Table 6 Example of a table with minimal information so horizontal lines are removed and contents are centered.

Title 1	Title 2	Title 3
text	text	text
text	text	text

Heading labels should be bold. There should not be a space between the table caption and the table; this is accomplished by selecting GWP_Table_Caption from the Styles menu. An empty paragraph (¶ symbol will be visible in Show Hidden Symbols; insert by clicking on Enter) should be added right after the table, which will insert one empty line, and then the body text should proceed.

Equations

If you want to add an equation to your book, insert a three-column borderless table as shown below. Use the MS Equation Editor to build the equation itself. For equations that are in line with text of paragraphs, use special characters instead of the MS Word equation editor if possible, and use “GWP_Cambria”, “GWP_Cambria_Super”, and “GWP_Cambria_Sub” styles. Please note that n = number of the equation. The highlighted items are shown here to describe the format and will not appear in the book.

empty	Equation, centered	Equation (#)

To get rid of the table borders, that is, to create an invisible table, highlight the table contents then Home > Paragraph pane > Borders > No Border (Figure 6).

Figure 6 – Creating an invisible table.

The result will look like the following Equation (n).

(n)

where:

example of how to describe each variable of the equation
example of how to describe each variable of the equation
example of how to describe each variable of the equation
example of how to describe each variable of the equation

The equations need to be raised to Cambria Math 12 pt. Then, to create the parameter list, simply highlight the parameter in the equation and paste it into the first column of the list. Insert the equals sign from Equations Editor (not the keyboard) in the middle column and center it. Do not raise the font size to 12 pt, however.

The horizontal lines dividing the table’s middle columns should be set at 2 and 3 cm on the ruler (Figure 3). This allows maximum space for the definition while retaining the indent.

Figure 3 – Setting the format of the invisible table columns for an equation.

Subscript and Superscript Characters

When possible, instead of using the equation editor, use a combination of regular and special characters to include a mathematical expression in line with text because it is better for creating the GW-P webbook version of your book. These subscripts and superscripts will not match those in the equation table as well as they could, so after inserting an inline equation using regular text and/or special characters within a paragraph, select the sub- or superscript to be changed and use the styles or the keyboard macro shortcuts as shown in the table below.

You can apply the macros or styles to any captions and table contents, but be aware that you should make some adjustments to maintain consistent formats within normal text, equation text, and table text as shown below.

Your sub and superscripts should look like:

A1 + B2 = C3 instead of

A1 + B2 = C3

Format	Style name	Used for	Result	Keyboard shortcut
Subscript	GWP_Normal_Sub	Body text	A1	Alt + U
GWP_Cambria_Sub	In line equations	A1	Alt + B
GWP_Table_Sub	Tables	A1	Alt + L
Superscript	GWP_Normal_Super	Body text	A1	Alt + S
GWP_Cambria_Super	In line equations	A1	Alt + C
GWP_Table_Super	Tables	A1	Alt + T

Small and Long Quotes

This is how a small quote should look. Please, use the “GWP_Quote” style: “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.” This paragraph may continue with multiple sentences after the quote.

If you want to insert a long quote, please use the “GWP_Long_Quote” style to offset the quote before continuing with the paragraph. Here is an example.

“Video provides a powerful way to help you prove your point. When you click Online Video, you can paste in the embed code for the video you want to add. You can also type a keyword to search online for the video that best fits your document.

To make your document look professionally produced, Word provides header, footer, cover page, and text box designs that complement each other. For example, you can add a matching cover page, header, and sidebar. Click Insert and then choose the elements you want from the different galleries.”

If the paragraph continues after the quote, the next line should not be indented.

Numbered and Bulleted Lists

You can use both list types using “GWP_List_Bullet” and “GWP_List_Number”.

Bullet List Example

lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit;

maecenas porttitor congue massa;

fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero; and,

sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna.

Numbered List Example

lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit;

maecenas porttitor congue massa;

fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero; and,

sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna.

Internal and External Links

Do not let web addresses be visible. Instead, use appropriate wording to create a link that leads to the web site. For example:

Before: You can find more books about this topic at https://gw-project.org/books

After: You can find more books about this topic on The Groundwater Project website.

Before: An animated version of this example is shown in this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzYjPpxP-Cw

After: An animated version of this example is shown in this video.

Conclusion/Wrap-up section

In contrast to the initial summary where the main questions addressed in the book are identified, the WrapUp at the end of each book is aimed at identification of the questions, unresolved issues and assumptions in need of more assessment, which were not addressed in the book. It helps if the WrapUp mentions the bookrelated topics that are currently the focus of earlystage research and where this research is being conducted. In other words, the WrapUp may be most relevant to those who want to know what is not understood, or least understood, and hence the topics most worthy of new research.

GW-P Authors and Reviewers Guide, section A3.2,

https://author.gw-project.org/GWP_Guidance-for-Authors-and-Reviewers.pdf

More author’s and reviewer’s resources are available at

https://author.gw-project.org

Exercises

Exercises for professors to assign to students, or that self-guided readers can use for practicing what they learned go here. It is as standard of all GW-Project books that at least 3 exercises and solutions be included. This is designed to meet the needs of both learners and professors who will test their knowledge. There are no figure, table or equation numbers in Exercise and Solutions. We ask that authors identify locations in the body of the book where each exercise links to the background knowledge needed to answer the question.

Exercise 1

Please insert your exercise or problem here.

Click for solution to Exercise 1

Return to where text linked to Exercise 1=

Exercise 2

Please insert your exercise or problem here.

Click for solution to Exercise 2

Return to where text linked to Exercise 2=

Exercise …

Please insert your exercise or problem here.

Click for solution to Exercise ...

Return to where text linked to Exercise ...=

References

Please insert your references here in the format shown in the examples below and descriptions provided in the references section of the GWP Formatting guide. As of 2023, GWP began to use the American Psychological Association (APA) 7th edition style manual because It is used widely in the sciences and covers a broad range of reference and citation types.

For specific types of references and citations, please consult the APA 7th edition style manual. Acronyms are spelled out with one exception as explained in the formatting guide. A generic example is given here, followed by a number of representative references. More details about reference formats and examples are provided in the formatting guide. Notice that the page range is indicated with an en dash, not a hyphen. The indent is 1.27 cm/0.5 in.

Use the GWP_References style to achieve the correct format. A list of materials from the same first author is included to help show how to enter references in that case. Please insert the most recent web link and DOI (Digital Object Identifier, if available). For web links that are likely or meant to change over time, please add the date the reference was accessed. This will signal to the reader that the version of the work they retrieve may differ from that presented in the book.

Note for formatters only: Please activate the Review tools > Track Changes so the authors can see which changes were made to their Reference list entries.

Example of a reference list entry

LastName, I., LastName, J. J., Jr., & LastName, K.M. (1999). The most wonderful scientific paper about groundwater. Journal Name, 999(99),999–999. https://doi: 99.999/99999abc.

Often references are written as shown in the “before” below and need to be adjusted as shown in “after”.

Before:

Bilodeau, W.L., Keith, S.B., 1986. Lower Jurassic Navajo-Aztec-Equivalent Sandstones in Southern Arizona and Their Paleogeographic Significance. AAPG Bulletin 70 (6): 690-701, https://doi.org/10.1306/94886335-1704-11D7-8645000102C1865D

After:

Bilodeau, W. L., & Keith, S. B. (1986). Lower Jurassic NavajoAztecequivalent sandstones in southern Arizona and their paleogeographic significance. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 70(6), 690–70. https://doi: 10.1306/94886335-1704-11D7-8645000102C1865D.

Boxes

Your boxes go here, in order from 1 to n. The GW-P standard is to place appendices into boxes and have all boxes in one section at the end of the book. Our books are electronic and so readers can easily navigate between sections with hyperlinks placed between sections. Boxes do not use live cross references but instead we write links as follows; Figure Box 1-1, Table Box 1-1, Equation Box 1-1.

Box 1 All boxes must be named – Include your box title here

Text goes here for normal paragraphs within your box. They indent and are fully justified. This is the format of most of your book.

Return to where text linked to Box 1

Box 2 Information on Separate Topic 2

Text goes here for normal paragraphs within your box. They indent and are fully justified. This is the format of most of your book.

Return to where text linked to Box 2

Exercise Solutions

Solution Exercise 1

Insert the solution here.

Return to Exercise 1

Return to where text linked to Exercise 1=

Solution Exercise 2

Insert the solution here.

Return to Exercise 2

Return to where text linked to Exercise 2=

Solution Exercise …

Insert the solution here.

Return to Exercise …

Return to where text linked to Exercise …=

Notations

This section should be included if there are more than 1 or 2 equations in the book.

Symbol	description (dimensions) EXAMPLES BELOW
C0	initial concentration of the groundwater (M/L3)
D	diffusion coefficient (L2/T); for solutes, D=DC the molecular diffusion coefficient; for heat, D=DT the thermal diffusion coefficient
solute dispersion tensor (L2/T) which includes the effect of both molecular diffusion and mechanical dispersion

About the Authors

Replace with your picture and a similar type of bio and follow with photos and bios of coauthors.

Dr. Eileen Poeter is an Emeritus Professor of Geological Engineering at Colorado School of Mines, where she taught groundwater courses and advised more than 40 graduate students who worked with her on groundwater system investigations and modeling research projects. She is also Past Director of the Integrated Groundwater Modeling Center; and retired President of Poeter Engineering. With 40 years of experience modeling groundwater systems, she has consulted to attorneys, industries, engineering companies, government agencies, research labs, and citizen groups on groundwater modeling projects for: aquifer storage and recovery; slurry wall performance; drainage at proposed nuclear power plant facilities; regional groundwater management, large-scale regional pumping, dam seepage, contaminant migration, impacts of dewatering, and stream-aquifer interaction. Dr. Poeter is an author of groundwater modeling software including evaluation of model sensitivity, assessment of data needs, model calibration, selection and ranking of models, and evaluation of predictive uncertainty. She was the NGWA Darcy Lecturer in 2006 and received the M. King Hubbert award in 2017 as well as being an NGWA Fellow and Life Member.

Dr. John Cherry, after study in the USA and a post-doc in France, joined the University of Waterloo in 1971 for field research on the migration and fate of contaminants in groundwater and their remediation. He co-authored “Groundwater” with R.A. Freeze (1979) and co-edited/co-authored several chapters in the book “Dense Chlorinated Solvents….in Groundwater” (1996). He is the founding Director of the University Consortium for Field-Focused Groundwater Contamination Research. At the G360 Centre for Groundwater Research, University of Guelph, he participates in research on groundwater monitoring technologies and creating safe wells for rural people in remote terrain. He was Chair of the Canadian Expert Panel on Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas development (2012-2014). He is a Foreign Member of the U.S. Academy of Engineering. He received the Lee Kwan Yew Water Prize in 2016, and the Stockholm Water Prize, 2020.

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